Leiden is one of the reputable academic assessment systems that annually evaluates and ranks the world's top universities based on a complex set of valid scientometrics indicators. In this ranking system, universities are assessed according to two categories of indicators—size-dependent and size-independent—across four main criteria: scientific impact, scientific diplomacy, open access to publications, and gender diversity.
Leiden Ranking: Indexes and Criteria
Indexes |
Criteria |
Scientific impact indicators |
Total number of publications |
Top 1% papers |
Top 5% papers |
Top 10% papers |
Top 50% papers |
TCS and MCS. The total and the average number of citations of the publications of a university |
TNCS and MNCS. The total and the average number of citations of the publications of a university, normalized for field and publication year |
Collaboration indicators |
Total number of publications of a university |
Scientific Collaboration |
International Collaboration |
Industrial Collaboration |
Scientific collaboration with a geographical distance of less than 100 km |
Scientific collaboration with a geographical distance of less than 5000 km |
Open access indicators |
Total number of publications of a university |
Open access publications |
Golden open access publications |
Hybrid open access publications |
Bronze open access publications |
Green open access publications |
The number and the proportion of a university’s publications for which the open access status is unknown. |
Gender indicators |
The total number of authorships of a university |
The number of Male and Female Authors: Articles with known Authors |
The number and Proportion of Authors with unknown Institutions |
The number and Proportion of Male Authors |
The number and Proportion of Female Authors |